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A Parametric Framework for Building Form Design to Improve Microclimate in Dense Urban Contexts
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Abstract: (2 Views) |
Abstract
Aims: This research aims to develop and validate an innovative parametric design framework for optimizing building forms in dense urban fabrics to improve microclimatic conditions and enhance outdoor thermal comfort in interstitial spaces. The framework seeks to answer how computational approaches can simultaneously achieve optimal solar exposure, efficient natural ventilation, and adequate shading.
Methods: This simulation-based study employed a mixed-methods approach. A representative residential complex in dense Tehran fabric was selected. Sixteen distinct architectural form patterns were generated using Rhino and Grasshopper, parameterized by orientation, density, height, and massing arrangement. The microclimatic performance of these patterns was simulated for the hottest day of the year (July 21, 2024) using the Ladybug plugin and real Tehran climatic data. Key outdoor thermal comfort indices (PET, PMV, PPD, UTCI) were calculated for each scenario and analyzed comparatively.
Findings: The results unequivocally demonstrated the profound impact of form on microclimate. Patterns with north-south elongation and stepped massing (e.g., Pattern #15) yielded an average reduction of 0.48°C in PET and a 0.08-unit improvement in PMV compared to the existing condition. Conversely, compact and enclosed forms restricted airflow, creating stagnant zones and exacerbating thermal discomfort.
Conclusion: The proposed parametric framework is a powerful tool for architects and urban planners, enabling data-driven, informed decision-making in the early design stages. Implementing this framework can lead to the creation of more sustainable, resilient, and human-centric urban environments in the face of climatic challenges.
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| Keywords: Parametric Design, Urban Microclimate, Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Form Optimization, Dense Urban Fabric, Energy Simulation |
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Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Accepted: 2025/02/28 | Published: 2025/02/28
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