مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسی مفهوم شهر یادگیرنده و شناسایی عوامل موثر در شکل گیری این مفهوم در منطقه 6 شهرداری تهران انجام گرفته است. به این منظور، ابتدا مفاهیم یادگیری سازمانی و سازمان یادگیرنده بررسی شده و سپس چارچوب نظری تحقیق بر مبنای ادبیات پیشین مشخص گشته است. این چارچوب شامل پنج متغیر اصلیمأموریت و استراتژی، آموزش خلاقیت و یادگیری، رهبری و توانمندسازی (مشارکت)، توسعه ارتباطات و همچنین نیروی کار دانشی است. همچنین بررسی ادبیات نشان می‌دهد که برای ایجاد و استمرار شهر یادگیرنده بایستی چند نهاد اصلی در شهر به عنوان نهادهای یادگیرنده فعالیت نمایند که عبارتند از: شهرداری، مدارس، مراکز آموزش علمی و کاربردی بزرگسالان، دانشگاه‌ها و سازمان‌های خصوصی متوسط و کوچک. در ادامه با استفاده از چارچوب نظری تحقیق پرسشنامه ای شامل 92 سئوال برای سنجش متغیرهای شهر یادگیرنده در هر کدام از نهادهای شهری در منطقه 6 شهرداری تهران طراحی و بین 100 پرسشگر توزیع گردید. در مقاله حاضر، داده های حاصل از پرسش نامه های توزیع شده با استفاده از آزمون کولموگروف- اسمیرنوف، t تک نمونه ای برای توزیع‌های نرمال و آزمون علامت برای توزیع‌های غیر نرمال و تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته های تحقیق نشان دهنده جایگاه منطقه 6 شهرداری تهران بر مبنای ابعاد شهر یادگیرنده از نظر کارشناسان است. در انتهای مقاله، به بحث در مورد اهمیت مفهوم یادگیرندگی در شهر پرداخته شده و راهکارهایی جهت توسعه مفهوم شهر یادگیرنده ارائه می‌شود.

Modern state is conceptually and subjectively complicated as per the wide range of concepts and subjects related to it, therefore the context is provided to present the viewpoints on its identity and nature. Based on this, human sciences Scientifics investigate it from different perspectives. Complexity of the nature of modern State, arises the various theories around it, despite bring serious challenges to the argument of knowing it. Moreover, emergence of outstanding changes in the area of law and politics, specifically human rights dialogue in modern political philosophy, and thereto formation of political order based on the rightful person, has changed the Westphalia nature of State to a responsible and committed State giving role and orientation to the rightful person. Therefore, the specific Function of the State is to protect people’s basic rights and freedoms, which based on the responsibility of that State is defined. In this article, after short analysis of the concept of State in the shadow of the changes of the contemporary age, nature and principals of civil responsibility of the State is studied.

on one hand, Iran due to the low annual rainfall and lack of appropriate spatial and temporal distribution in precipitation is considered as an arid and semi-arid country experiencing stress and water scarcity; on the other hand, 90% of annual water consumption has been allocated to agriculture sector in Iran and efficiency and productivity of water consumption do not enjoy favorable status in this sector. While it can overcome this problem by use of virtual water criterion in trade with the countries which enjoy water status such as Turkey. In this regards, the present study has examined this issue in form of selected agriculture goods based on common indices for detection of trade opportunities. Cosine criterion indicated that the degree of similarity and complementary of Turkey’s export with Iran is greater than structural similarity of Iran’s export with Turkey. With regard to trade potential calculations, Iran and Turkey have high export capacity in trade of agriculture goods. Further, Index of Drysdale indicated that the possibility for development of trade from Turkey to Iran is greater than trade from Iran to Turkey and ultimately adjustment of Balasa index based on virtual water trade process indicated that Iran should change its import and export priorities at area of agriculture products. Further, results from research indicate that applying virtual water criterion and removing the products lacking relative advantage in trade between Iran and Turkey result in increase in export of Turkey’s agricultural products to Iran and increase in Iran’s benefit in trade of virtual water.

The administrative system is a means of achieving the goals of political, economic, social and cultural systems of any society. It seems the nature and content of administrative management system affected by the construction and nature of governing system in every society. Thus, there is a proactive relationship between these systems. Therefore Competency-Based Administrative System is Equivalent to the right-based and democratic governing system and the non meritorious-based administrative system is outcome of the totalitarian regime. In this article, we will attempt to explain the normative and institutional principles of the right-based modern state with adapting a descriptive and analytical approach and then analyze the Constituent elements of administrative system associated with such construction of state.