From the peripheral vision, the central court has performed well as an efficient and efficient means to protect residents from adverse weather and environmental conditions and to benefit from non - active energies in the regions (hot and dry) and (warm and humid). The discovery of the hidden angles of the environmental and climatic function of the central courtyard in the traditional urban settlements of the country is an unknown issue that this study seeks to answer. For this purpose, traditional house houses of Tabriz have been selected as a study sample. This study aims to study the physical structure, patterns and variations of the central courtyard in traditional housing units of Tabriz based on effective elements on thermal treatment of حیاط‌ها to their typology. In order to perform the research of 120 examples of traditional houses of Tabriz in the historical range of the city, the identification and number of 64 houses that had full information and documents were selected for typology. The results of typology the factor towards other factors in determining the governing angles on the direction of the houses. It is in the sense that courtyards are closer to a square shape. Courtyards of area (100 - 300 m) have the highest frequency among the studied samples. The depletion of the area and the increase of the compound confinement face difficulty in the cold season due to deep shadows on adjacent surfaces of the courtyard, non - active heating of the adjacent spaces adjacent to the compound. The maximum frequency ratio is to a group of yards, the length of which is 2.5 times the height of them and the courts with a width of 2 equal to the height of the bodies are the highest. The rise of the sidewalls, especially in the south, will lead to vast shadows in the adjacent surfaces of the courtyard and thus reduce the quality of thermal comfort in the cold seasons of these regions.